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Hea 06 Safety and security

Number of credits available	Minimum standards
2	No

Aim

To recognise and encourage effective measures that promote safe and secure use and access to and from the building.

Assessment criteria

The following is required to demonstrate compliance for:

One credit - Safe access

Where external site areas form part of the assessed development the following apply:

Dedicated cycle paths provide direct access from the site entrance(s) to any cycle storage provided, without the need to deviate from the cycle path and, if relevant, connect to off-site cycle paths (or other appropriate safe route) where these run adjacent to the development’s site boundary.
Footpaths on-site provide direct access from the site entrance(s) to the building entrance(s) and connect to public footpaths off-site (where existing), providing practical and convenient access to local transport nodes and other off-site amenities (where existing).
Where provided, drop-off areas are designed off/adjoining to the access road and provide direct access to pedestrian footpaths, therefore avoiding the need for the pedestrian to cross vehicle access routes.
Dedicated pedestrian crossings are provided where pedestrian routes cross vehicle access routes, and appropriate traffic calming measures are in place to slow traffic down at these crossing points.
For large developments with a high number of public users or visitors, pedestrian footpaths must be signposted to other local amenities and public transport nodes off-site (where existing).
The lighting for access roads, pedestrian routes and cycle lanes is compliant with the external lighting criteria defined in Hea 01 Visual comfort, i.e. in accordance with BS 5489-1:20131BS 5489-1:2013 Part 1: lighting of roads and public amenity areas, Code of Practice for the design of road lighting, BSI, 2013 Lighting of roads and public amenity areas.

Where vehicle delivery access and drop-off areas form part of the assessed development, the following apply:

Delivery areas are not directly accessed through general parking areas and do not cross or share pedestrian and cyclist routes and other outside amenity areas accessible to building users and general public.
There is a dedicated parking/waiting area for goods vehicles with appropriate separation from the manoeuvring area and staff and visitor car parking.
Parking and turning areas are designed for simple manoeuvring according to the type of delivery vehicle likely to access the site, thus avoiding the need for repeated shunting.
There is a dedicated space for the storage of refuse skips and pallets away from the delivery vehicle manoeuvring area and staff/visitor car parking (if appropriate given the building type/function).

One credit - Security of site and building

A Suitably Qualified Security Specialist (SQSS) conducts an evidence based Security Needs Assessment (SNA) during or prior to Concept Design (RIBA Stage 2 or equivalent).
The SQSS develops a set of recommendations or solutions during or prior to Concept Design (RIBA Stage 2 or equivalent). These recommendations or solutions aim to ensure that the design of buildings, public and private car parks and public or amenity space are planned, designed and specified to address the issues identified in the preceding SNA.
The recommendations or solutions proposed by the SQSS are implemented (see CN3.6. Any deviation from those recommendations or solutions will need to be justified, documented and agreed in advance with a suitably qualified security specialist.

Checklists and tables

None.

Compliance notes

Ref	Terms	Description
Shell and core
CN1	Applicable assessment criteria	Both options: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply. Refer to Appendix D – BREEAM UK New Construction and Shell and Core Project Assessments for a more detailed description of the above shell and core assessment options.
CN1.1	Recommendations for speculative projects. See criteria 11-13	Both options: If the SQSS is unable to make complete recommendations due to the speculative nature of the assessment, then the credit may still be available. The SQSS must confirm that they have addressed all parts of the project where it is feasible to do so, based on the information available to them at the time of assessment. In relation to the influence of the occupier(s) on security, the SQSS shall clearly document their assumptions in the Security Needs Assessment.
Simple buildings
CN2	Applicable assessment criteria	All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply.
General
Safe access
CN3	Development does not have any external site areas. See criteria 1 to 10.	The safe access criteria apply only to developments that have areas external to the assessed building and within the boundary of the assessed development (regardless or not of whether that external area is or will be the responsibility of the future building occupant). This includes external parking areas. If the assessed building does not have any external areas and access to the building is direct from the public highway/footpath i.e. there is no on-site vehicle access and parking areas, then the criteria concerning safe access are not applicable. In such instances the two available credits must be assessed and awarded based on compliance with the security criteria.
CN3.1	Covered parking area See criteria 1 to 10.	Where the assessed building has no external areas but does have a covered parking facility, and cyclists/pedestrians/delivery vehicles access the building via this area, then the relevant safe access criteria apply and this area must be assessed against those criteria.
CN3.2	Delivery access through parking areas (smaller sites/deliveries) See criteria 1 to 10 apart from 7.	Criterion 7 (delivery access through general parking areas) can be relaxed for smaller sites if it can be confirmed that the building is of an operational type and size which is likely to mean all deliveries to the building will be made by small vans and not heavy goods vehicles.
CN3.3	No vehicle delivery and manoeuvring areas See criteria 1 to 6.	The criteria concerning vehicle delivery access is not applicable where dedicated delivery access and drop-off areas do not form part of the assessed development.
CN3.4	Dedicated footpaths from car parking spaces	Where it is not practical to provide dedicated footpaths from each parking space within a car park, it is expected that design teams take every practical measure to ensure the safety of pedestrians. In general terms, as a minimum, a safe pedestrian route should be provided from the pedestrian exit of the car park to the building entrance. For larger car parks it would be beneficial to provide footpaths at regular intervals across it, to aid safe access from the car to the building entrance and the design team should demonstrate that they have achieved this as far as is practical.
Security of site and building
CN3.5	Security Needs Assessment	Where a suitably qualified security specialist was consulted at a later stage than RIBA stage 2, this credit may still be achievable. If the suitably qualified security specialist confirms that the implementation of security measures have not been restricted, impaired or are not possible as a result of their later involvement ( i.e. everything that would/could have been recommended can still be implemented), then the credit can still be awarded (provided all other compliance requirements are met).
CN3.6	Implementing recommendations or solutions See criterion 13.	When confirming whether the recommendations or solutions set out by the suitably qualified security specialist(s) have been implemented at the post construction stage, it may be necessary for the assessor to use one or more of the following evidence types, supplied by the design team: Desk-based evidence e.g manufacturers literature/certificates etc Site-based evidence e.g. site inspection report/photographs etc
Building type specific
CN4	Prisons Scope of security criteria for buildings on prison sites	In the case of an assessment of a prison building/development the security criteria apply only to publicly accessible buildings and car parking areas outside of the secure perimeter zone (but still on the wider prison site). This could include visitor reception/waiting buildings, facilities/estates offices and storage and visitor/staff parking. Security relating to secure prison buildings and their related site layout falls outside of the scope of BREEAM.

Methodology

None.

Evidence

Criteria	Interim design stage	Final post construction stage
All	One or more of the appropriate evidence types listed in The BREEAM evidential requirements section can be used to demonstrate compliance with these criteria.

Additional information

Relevant definitions

Architectural Liaison Officer (ALO)

An ALO is the same as the Crime Prevention Design Advisor (see below) and is the title given to the same role in some police forces. http://www.securedbydesign.com/index.aspx

Counter Terrorism Security Advisor (CTSA)

CTSA's receive specialist training allowing them to identify and assess sites within their police force area that are deemed critical and may be vulnerable to terrorist and/or extremist attack. They then devise appropriate security plans to minimise impact on that site and the surrounding community. They also have responsibility for the protection afforded to Crowded Places (areas which by virtue of their crowd density may be liable to terrorist attack).

Crime Prevention Design Advisor (CPDA)

A Crime Prevention Design Advisor is a specialist crime prevention officer, trained at the Home Office Crime Reduction College, who deals with crime risk and designing out crime advice for the built environment. In addition to physical security measures the officer will consider defensible space, access, crime and movement generators all of which can contribute to a reduction in crime and disorder. http://www.securedbydesign.com/index.aspx

SABRE

SABRE is a new security assessment and certification scheme for buildings and built infrastructure assets. The scheme provides facility owners, occupiers and interested parties with:

an independently assessed security risk management rating for a facility (SABRE Assurance Rating); and
the ability to measure, compare and evaluate the security performance of a facility against a range of credible security threats.

SABRE has a star based rating system, with ratings subject to certain minimum criteria and the achievement of issues. The scheme offers:

Recognition of good practice
A credible security label for buildings & infrastructure
Demand for secure buildings
Quantifiable reduction in security risks
Better informed security investment decisions
Improved value for money

Security Needs Assessment (SNA)

The project and site specific assessment of security needs, including:

A visual audit of the site and surroundings, identifying environmental cues and features pertinent to the security of the proposed development.
Formal consultation with relevant stakeholders, including the local ALO, CPDA & CTSA (as applicable), in order to obtain a summary of crime and disorder issues in the immediate vicinity of the proposed development.
Identify risks specific to the proposed, likely or potential use of the building(s).
Identify risks specific to the proposed, likely or potential user groups of the building(s).
Identify any detrimental effects the development may have on the existing community.

The purpose of the assessment is to inform stakeholder decision-making and allow the identification and evaluation of security recommendations and solutions.

In most cases it is likely that an assessment carried out in accordance with the relevant Secured by Design (SBD) design guides (relevant to the building / development type) will cover the items listed above. Wherever possible, duplication should be avoided and so where existing schemes such as SBD cover the required information there would be no need for a separate report to be created specifically for the purpose of the BREEAM assessment. In all instances the assessor should review the evidence supplied, and ensure that the points listed have been covered.

Dedicated cycle lanes

Marked-out and clearly signed routes to accommodate building users arriving on and travelling through the assessed site on a bicycle. Cycle lanes should be fit for purpose and the following publications offer guidance on how to appropriately size, design and construct cycle lanes:

Local Transport Note 2/08 Cycle Infrastructure Design, Department of Transport, 2008.
The National Cycle Network Guidelines and Practical Details – issue 2, Sustrans and the relevant parts of Appendix VI NCN Design and Construction Checklist.

Dedicated pedestrian crossing

Dedicated infrastructure/road markings and signage/instructions that enables a pedestrian to safely cross a vehicle carriageway on the assessed site and continue their journey to/from the building. Such a crossing must be fit for purpose, in that it will be appropriate for the width of the road, level of traffic and pedestrian use specific to the site. It will also act to alert drivers of vehicles using the carriageway to the potential presence of pedestrians in the carriageway, by ensuring they can be clearly seen and requiring the driver of the vehicle to give way to the pedestrian.

External site areas

Areas external to the assessed building, but within the development’s site boundary, which contain vehicle and/or pedestrian access roads/pathways to the building, parking, unloading and drop-off areas.

Peer review

A process employed by a professional body to demonstrate that potential or current full members maintain a standard of knowledge and experience required to ensure compliance with a code of conduct and professional ethics.

Secured by Design (SBD)

Secured by Design is a crime prevention initiative operated by the Police Services of the United Kingdom, which aims to utilise design principles and products in the built environment that reduce the risk of crime by combining minimum standards of physical security and proven principles of natural surveillance and defensible space.
Secured by Design is administered by Police Crime Prevention Initiatives (PCPI) which is owned by the London Mayor's Office for Policing Crime Prevention Initiatives (MOPAC) on behalf of the UK police service, and has the support of the National Police Chiefs Council and Police Scotland.

The Safer Parking Scheme

An initiative of the Association of Chief Police Officers aimed at reducing crime and the fear of crime in parking facilities. Safer parking status, Park Mark®, is awarded to parking facilities that have met the criteria of a risk assessment conducted by the Police. The scheme is managed by the British Parking Association (BPA) and supported by the Home Office and Scottish Executive.

Suitably Qualified Security Specialist (SQSS)

An individual achieving any of the following can be considered to be 'suitably qualified' for the purposes of compliance with BREEAM:

Crime Prevention Design Advisors (CPDA) or Architectural Liaison Officers (ALO), Counter Terrorism Security Advisor (CTSA); or
A specialist registered with a BREEAM-recognised third party accreditation scheme for security specialists.
A practising security consultant that meets the following requirements:
1. Minimum of three years relevant experience within the last five years. This experience must clearly demonstrate a practical understanding of factors affecting security in relation to construction and the built environment, relevant to the type and scale of the project being undertaken.
2. Hold a suitable qualification relevant to security.
3. Maintains (full) membership to a relevant professional body or accreditation scheme that meets the following:
  1. Has a professional code of conduct, to which members must adhere; and
  2. Ongoing membership is subject to peer review.

When appointing the suitably qualified security specialist, consideration should be given to the appropriateness of the individual to carry out the security needs assessment, based on the size, scope and security needs of the development.
Organisations, associations or scheme operators who wish to have their membership recognised as a ‘third party accreditation scheme for security specialist’, should review their current status (and therefore their members) against the requirements above and, where they feel they are compliant, contact BRE Global with the relevant information/evidence.

Other information

The following is a list of existing schemes that may support the SQSS when developing the recommendations or solutions addressing the issues raised in the Security Needs Assessment (SNA) (criterion 12):

Secured by Design, Design Guides (relevant to the building/development type)
Safer Parking Scheme
SABRE**

*The Safer Parking Scheme is only applicable to schemes where the primary function of the site is for parking of vehicles, or to parking areas serving the prevailing site use(s).

**SABRE is currently in piloting phase, with a public launch targeted for December 2016.

Useful references

The Metric Handbook2Metric handbook Planning and design data, Adler, Architectural Press 4th Edition. 2012. contains details of typical delivery/freight vehicle sizes and turning circles.

In addition to the SbD Schools guidance, Managing School Facilities, Guide 4 Improving Security in Schools, published by the Department for Education and Employment (1996)3Managing School Facilities, Guide 4 Improving Security in Schools, published by the Department for Education and Employment (1996), offers guidance on how to improve the security of school premises.