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LE 02 Ecological value of site and protection of ecological features

Number of credits available Minimum standards
2 No

Aim

To encourage development on land that already has limited value to wildlife and to protect existing ecological features from substantial damage during site preparation and completion of construction works.

Assessment criteria

This issue is split into two parts:

The following is required to demonstrate compliance:

One credit - Ecological value of site

  1. Land within the assessment zone is defined as ‘land of low ecological value’ using either:
    1. The BREEAM checklist for defining land of low ecological value (see Checklists and tables below);

    OR

    1. A Suitably Qualified Ecologist (SQE) who has identified the land as being of ‘low ecological value’ within an ecological assessment report, based on a site survey.

One credit - Protection of ecological features

  1. All existing features of ecological value (see Relevant definitions) within the assessmentzone are adequately protected from damage during clearance, site preparation and construction activities in line with BS42020: 20131BS 42020: 2013: Biodiversity - Code of Practice for Planning and Development, BSI 2013..
  2. In all cases, the principal contractor is required to construct ecological protection recommended by the Suitably Qualified Ecologist (SQE), prior to any preliminary site construction or preparation works (e.g. clearing of the site or erection of temporary site facilities).

Checklists and tables

BREEAM checklist for defining land of low ecological value

If the answer to all questions in the checklist is ‘no’, the land can be defined as having a low ecological value and the credit awarded. Should any of the questions be answered ‘yes’, the credit can only be awarded on confirmation from a Suitably Qualified Ecologist that the site is of low ecological value.

The checklist should be completed by either the BREEAM assessor, using appropriate evidence submitted by the design team or completed by the design team and submitted to the assessor along with appropriate supporting evidence. The answers to the checklist must be based on an evaluation of the site prior to any site clearance or construction activities (refer to LE 02 Ecological value of site and protection of ecological features for further details).

Table 55 BREEAM checklist for defining land of low ecological value

ID Question Yes No
Q1 Has the Planning Authority required that an ecological survey or statement be prepared?
Q2

Is the development within 2km of a Special Area of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Area (SPA) or Ramsar site?

  1. www.natureonthemap.org.uk
  2. www.magic.gov.uk
  3. Local Plan Proposals Map.
Q3

Is the development within 500m of a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)

  1. www.natureonthemap.org.uk
  2. www.magic.gov.uk
  3. Local Plan Proposals Map.
Q4

Are any of the following habitats present on, or within 100m of the assessment zone?

  1. Broad-leaved woodland*
  2. Water courses (rivers, streams or canals)**
  3. Wetlands (ponds, lakes, marshland, fenland, reed bed)
  4. Flower-rich meadow/grassland
  5. Heathland (habitat/plants that thrive on acidic soils, such as heather and gorse).
Q5

Are any of the following features present within the assessment zone?

  1. Trees of ecological value (see definition of 'Features of ecological value')
  2. Mature hedgerow (field hedgerows over 1m tall and 0.5m wide)***
  3. Existing buildings (occupied or derelict) with either pitched tile, slate or shingle roofs, lofts, wall hanging tiles, weatherboarding or dense climbing plants, soffits and cellars, basements, ice houses etc.

Notes:

* The Countryside Survey defines woodland as ‘having over 25% canopy cover of trees and shrubs, over a metre high’. Broad-leaved woodland should be taken to mean broad-leaved, mixed and Yew woodland.
** The Countryside Survey defines the broad habitats of rivers and streams as running watercourses ranging from small headwater streams to large rivers. This broad habitat, along with wetlands, includes the open water itself and the vegetation along the water’s edge.
*** The Countryside Survey defines a hedge as ‘a line of woody vegetation that has been subject to management so that trees no longer take their natural shape.’
http://www.countrysidesurvey.org.uk

Compliance notes

Ref

Terms

Description

Shell and core

CN1 

Applicable assessment criteria

Both options: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply.

Refer to Appendix D – BREEAM UK New Construction and Shell and Core Project Assessments for a more detailed description of the above shell and core assessment options.

Simple buildings

CN2 

Applicable assessment criteria All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply.
General

CN3 

No features of ecological value

See criterion 2.

Where there are no features of ecological value, the credit for the protection of ecological features can only be awarded if the assessment zone is defined as ‘land of low ecological value’.

CN3.1 

Use of a Suitably Qualified Ecologist

See criterion 1.

Where a Suitably Qualified Ecologist (SQE) is employed and has, using their professional judgement, defined the site as land of low ecological value, this assessment/judgement overrides any assessment determined using the BREEAM checklist for defining land of low ecological value. The Suitably Qualified Ecologist must base their findings on data collected from a site visit conducted at appropriate time(s) of the year, when different plant and animal species are evident. The content of the Ecology Report is to be representative of the existing site’s ecology prior to the commencement of initial site preparation works (i.e. before RIBA Stage 5 Construction). Where the ecologist has not visited the site at the appropriate times the credit cannot be awarded (except in the circumstances indicated below in the Compliance note 'Site clearance prior to purchase of the site'). See Additional information for the BREEAM definition of a Suitably Qualified Ecologist (SQE).

CN3.2 

Features of little or no ecological value

See criterion 2.

If a Suitably Qualified Ecologist has confirmed that a feature present on the site has little or no ecological value (see Relevant Definitions), or where a tree is deemed to create a significant danger to the public or occupants by a statutory body or qualified arboriculturalist, then that feature may be exempt from the 'protection of ecological features' requirement of this issue.

CN3.3 

Prior removal of features of ecological value If features of ecological value have been removed as part of the site clearance activities then the development cannot achieve the credits, even if they are to be replaced as part of a new soft landscape strategy.

CN3.4 

Site clearance prior to purchase of the site

See criterion 1.

For sites cleared prior to purchase of the site and less than five years before assessment, a Suitably Qualified Ecologist should estimate the site’s ecological value immediately prior to clearance using available desktop information (including aerial photography) and the landscape type/area surrounding the site. Where it is not possible for the ecologists to determine that the site was of low ecological value prior to the site clearance then the credits must be withheld, i.e. where there is no evidence and therefore justification for awarding the credits. For sites cleared more than five years ago, the ecological value of the site is to be based on the current situation on the basis that within five years, ecological features would have started to re-establish themselves and therefore act as an indicator of the site’s ecological value.

CN3.5 

Verification of a report written by an ecologist not meeting the BREEAM SQE criteria

See criterion 1b.

Where a Suitably Qualified Ecologist is verifying an Ecology Report produced by another ecologist who does not meet the SQE criteria, they must, as a minimum, review the report and confirm in writing that they have found it to:
  1. Represent sound industry practice.
  2. Report and recommend correctly, truthfully and objectively.
  3. Be appropriate given the local site conditions and scope of works proposed.
  4. Avoid invalid, biased and exaggerated statements.
Additionally, written confirmation from the third party verifier that they comply with the definition of a Suitably Qualified Ecologist is required.

Methodology

None.

Evidence

Criteria Interim design stage
Final post construction stage
All

One or more of the appropriate evidence types listed in The BREEAM evidential requirements section can be used to demonstrate compliance with these criteria.

1

Where a Suitably Qualified Ecologist is not employed:

BREEAM checklist for defining land of low ecological value.

As per interim design stage.

Additional information

Relevant definitions

Assessment zone
For the purpose of this BREEAM issue the assessment zone is defined as any land on the site which is being developed (and therefore disturbed) for buildings, hard standing, soft landscaping, site access, plus a 3m wide zone measured outward from the boundary around these areas irrespective of site boundary. It also includes any areas used for temporary site storage and buildings.
If it is not known exactly where buildings, hardstanding, site access and temporary storage will be located it must be assumed that the construction zone is the entire site.
Ecology related subject
Depending on the ecological content (minimum 60%), the following degrees might be considered relevant: Ecology, Biological Sciences, Zoology, Botany, Countryside Management, Environmental Sciences, Marine and Freshwater Management, Earth Sciences, Agriculture, Forestry, Geography, Landscape Management.
Features of ecological value
Features requiring protection during site clearance and construction in accordance with BS 42020: 2013 to maintain their presence and ecological value, which include as a minimum:
  1. Trees determined to be of value using one of the following measures:
    1. More than 10 years old (or where age is unknown where the trunk diameter is over 100mm).
    2. Tree of significant ecological value (as defined by BS 5837: 20122BS 5837: 2012: Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction - Recommendations, BSI 2012. and confirmed by the Suitably Qualified Ecologist or qualified arboriculturalist).
  2. Hedges and natural areas requiring protection.
  3. Watercourses and wetland areas.
Note: Where a tree is deemed to create a significant danger to the public or occupants by a statutory body or qualified arboriculturalist, then that feature may be exempt from the 'protection of ecological features' requirement of this issue.
Peer review
A peer review is defined as the process employed by a professional body to demonstrate that potential or current full members maintain a standard of knowledge and experience required to ensure compliance with a code of conduct and professional ethics.
Suitably Qualified Ecologist (SQE)
An individual achieving all the following items can be considered to be 'suitably qualified' for the purposes of compliance with BREEAM:
  1. Holds a degree or equivalent qualification (e.g. N/SVQ level 5) in ecology or a related subject.
  2. Is a practising ecologist, with a minimum of three years relevant experience (within the last five years). Such experience must clearly demonstrate a practical understanding of factors affecting ecology in relation to construction and the built environment including; acting in an advisory capacity to provide recommendations for ecological protection, enhancement and mitigation measures. Examples of relevant experience are: ecological impact assessments; Preliminary Ecological Appraisals (PEA); Phase 2 habitat and fauna surveys; and habitat creation.
  3. Is covered by a professional code of conduct and subject to peer review. Full members of the following organisations, who meet the above criteria, are deemed Suitably Qualified Ecologists for the purposes of BREEAM:
    1. Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)
    2. Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM)
    3. Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA)
    4. Landscape Institute (LI)
    5. The Institution of Environmental Sciences (IES).

Other information

Very often there is the potential for a site to increase its biodiversity value through appropriate design and management, regardless of whether enhancing biodiversity is required to gain planning consent. This BREEAM assessment issue provides the opportunity to reward those projects that contribute to protecting and enhancing biodiversity, improve living environments and meet environmental objectives.

While not mandatory, BREEAM recommends that a Suitably Qualified Ecologist is appointed to ensure that a project maximises biodiversity gains. Although a large number of developments are not required to undertake formal ecological assessments as part of the planning process because of the nature of the existing site, they may have potential to be of biodiversity value. Verification of this is best achieved by the appointment of a Suitably Qualified Ecologist.

The Suitably Qualified Ecologist’s recommendations may impact on specifications worked-up by other design team members, such as landscape architects or drainage engineers. BREEAM recommends that collaborative input between the ecologist and relevant professionals is sought from the concept stage of the development to highlight opportunities and constraints and allow effective integration of these aspects into the ecologist’s recommendations.

Organisations and institutes, including the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM) and the Association of Wildlife Trust Consultancies (AWTC), provide lists of ecologists working within a particular region that may meet the SQE requirements.

Relating Ecology Reports to BREEAM

Guidance on relating ecology reports to BREEAM is provided in Guidance Note GN13.


BREEAM UK New Construction non-domestic buildings technical manual 2014
Reference: SD5076 – Issue: 5.0
Date: 23/08/2016
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