You are here: 6.0 Energy > Ene 02 Energy monitoring

Ene 02 Energy monitoring

Number of credits available	minimum standards
Building type dependent	Yes

Aim

To recognise and encourage the installation of energy sub-metering that facilitates the monitoring of operational energy consumption.

Assessment criteria

Please note:

The first credit is applicable to all building types.
The second credit is not applicable to Pre-schools, Primary schools, Law courts, Prisons, Multi-residential and Other buildings: Residential institutions.

The following is required to demonstrate compliance:

One credit - Sub-metering of major energy consuming systems

Energy metering systems are installed that enable at least 90% of the estimated annual energy consumption of each fuel to be assigned to the various end-use categories of energy consuming systems (see Methodology ).
The energy consuming systems in buildings with a total useful floor area greater than 1,000m² are metered using an appropriate energy monitoring and management system.
The systems in smaller buildings are metered either with an energy monitoring and management system or with separate accessible energy sub-meters with pulsed or other open protocol communication outputs, to enable future connection to an energy monitoring and management system (see Relevant definitions ).
The energy consuming end uses are identifiable to the building users, for example through labelling or data outputs.

One credit - Sub-metering of high energy load and tenancy areas

An accessible energy monitoring and management system or separate accessible energy sub-meters with pulsed or other open protocol communication outputs to enable future connection to an energy monitoring and management system are provided, covering a significant majority of the energy supply to tenanted areas or, in the case of single occupancy buildings, relevant function areas or departments within the building/unit.

Checklists and tables

None.

Compliance notes

Ref	Terms	Description
Shell and core
CN1	Applicable assessment criteria	Sub-metering of major energy consuming systems, criteria 1 to 4 Option 1 - Shell only: These criteria are not applicable. Option 2 - Shell and core: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply. Sub-metering of high energy load and tenancy areas, criterion 5 Option 1 - Shell only: This criterion is not applicable. Option 2 - Shell and core: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply, subject to the following: meters must be installed on the energy supply to each separate tenanted unit or floor plate within the assessed development. Refer to Appendix D – BREEAM UK New Construction and Shell and Core Project Assessments for a more detailed description of the above shell and core assessment options.
Simple buildings
CN2	Applicable assessment criteria	All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply.
CN2.1	Scope of sub-metering for simple building assessments	Depending on the building type, the assessor should use their discretion to identify which major energy consuming systems (where present) should be sub-metered.
General
CN3	Extensions to existing buildings	Where an existing building is being extended and it has existing building services plant and systems that will be common to both the new extension and existing building, the criteria only apply to the extension. In this case, energy services supplying energy consuming systems from the existing building shall, as a minimum, be metered at the entry points to the extension, e.g. hot water, chilled water, gas and electricity. However the best practice approach would usually be to ensure that the energy metering covers the entire building.
CN3.1	Modular boiler systems See criterion 1.	Modular boiler systems can be monitored as a whole. See Relevant definitions
CN3.2	Lighting and small power See criterion 5.	Due to traditional distribution methods, it can be difficult to separate lighting and small power cost effectively. It is acceptable, within a single floor, for lighting and small power to be combined for metering purposes, provided that sub-metering is provided for each floor plate.
CN3.3	Small function areas/departments See criterion 5.	For a building consisting of a number of small function areas or departments, sub-metering the heating, hot water and combined electricity energy uses is sufficient to achieve this credit. Individual electricity energy uses within each unit do not need to be sub-metered. For the purpose of this BREEAM issue, a small function area/department is defined as less than 200m².
CN3.4	Heating and hot water See criterion 5.	Space heating and domestic hot water may be combined with a single heat or gas meter per tenanted area/function area/department, where it is impractical to sub-meter these items separately.
CN3.5	Significant majority See criterion 5.	A significant majority of the energy supply to the tenanted areas/function areas/departments covers most of the energy uses but does not have to include very small ones. As a guide, energy uses that cumulatively make up less than 10% of the energy supply for that area may be excluded.
Building type specific
CN4	Buildings situated on campus developments See criterion 5.	The systems for buildings situated on campus developments must be monitored using either an appropriate energy monitoring and management system or another automated control system, e.g. outstations linked to a central computer, for monitoring energy consumption. The criteria only apply to the assessed building. Where energy services are supplied from an existing building on the campus, they shall be metered at the entry points to the assessed building, e.g. hot water, chilled water, gas and electricity. Provision of a pulsed or other open protocol communication output is not sufficient to award the credit for these building types.
CN4.1	Small tenanted office, industrial or retail units See criterion 5.	For a development consisting of a number of small tenanted units, a single meter per unit for electricity and another for heating is sufficient to achieve this credit. Individual areas within each unit do not need to be sub-metered. For the purpose of this BREEAM issue, a small unit is defined as less than 200m².
CN4.2	Large office, industrial or retail units See criterion 5.	For a development consisting of one or more larger units (i.e. greater than 200m²), sufficient sub-metering to allow for monitoring of the relevant function areas or departments within the unit must be specified, in addition to metering of the unit as a whole.
CN4.3	Healthcare buildings: medical-based systems See criterion 5.	Large-scale medical equipment/systems can be excluded when assessing compliance with this issue (although it is recommended that sub-metering is considered in such instances).
CN4.4	Single occupant buildings: relevant function areas or departments See criterion 5.	The lists below summarise the commonly found functions by building types. These lists are not exhaustive and where other areas or departments exist, these should also be separately metered.
CN4.5	Office buildings	Office areas (metering by floor plate) Catering
CN4.6	Retail buildings	Sales area Storage and warehouse Cold storage Offices Catering Tenant units
CN4.7	Industrial units	Office areas Operational area Ancillary areas (e.g. canteens etc.)
CN4.8	Education buildings	Kitchens (excluding small staff kitchens and food technology rooms) Computer suites Workshops Lecture halls Conference rooms Drama studios Swimming pools Sports halls Process areas Laboratories High containment suites within laboratories Controlled environment chambers Animal accommodation areas Data centres IT work and study rooms, including IT-equipped library space and any space with provision of more than one computer terminal per 5m². Individual sub-metering of standard classrooms/seminar rooms is not required.
CN4.9	Hospitals and other healthcare facilities	Operating departments Imaging departments Radiotherapy departments Pathology departments Dialysis departments Medical physics facilities Mortuary and post mortem departments Rehabilitation when including hydrotherapy pools Central sterile supplies departments (or equivalent) Process areas, e.g. commercial-scale kitchens and laundries IT rooms Pharmacy departments Laboratories Tenancy areas (e.g. catering, retail, laundry) In small healthcare buildings (<999m²) with no high energy load areas (as defined above), a single meter per floor plate is sufficient to achieve this credit. Individual areas within each floor plate do not need to be sub-metered.
CN4.10	Other buildings See criterion 5.	Other types of single occupant buildings should use the above lists of function areas as a guide to the level of provision required to comply, bearing in mind the aim of the credit is to encourage the installation of energy sub-metering that facilitates the monitoring of in-use energy consumption (in this case by area).

Methodology

Metering strategy

Detailed guidance on how to develop an appropriate metering strategy for the energy criteria of a new building is available in CIBSE TM39 Building energy metering1TM39 Building energy metering. CIBSE. 2009..

Estimating the annual energy consumption of each end use

Where the total consumption of any single end use category (or a combination of end use categories added together) is estimated to account for less than 10% of the annual energy consumption for a given fuel type, it is not necessary for this end use to be sub-metered. In this instance, the design team should demonstrate that the respective end use(s) is expected to account for less than 10% of the annual energy consumption for the fuel type. Where a given end use(s) will clearly account for less than 10% of the total annual energy consumption for the fuel type in question, a simple hand calculation or use of benchmark data to demonstrate this is acceptable.

Estimating the total annual energy consumption

Where it is unclear whether an end use(s) would account for 10% of the annual energy consumption for a given fuel type or not, more detailed calculations should be provided. The total annual energy consumption should be estimated using a method that estimates actual energy consumption. The energy consumption for each end use may be estimated by using methods described in CIBSE TM54: Evaluating operational energy performance of buildings at the design stage2TM54 Evaluating operational energy performance of buildings at the design stage. CIBSE. 2013., using actual operational inputs (rather than those used for Building Regulations calculations). The weather data used should be the average current weather data for the local area. The data on water consumption from the Wat 01 Water consumption issue may be used as inputs for evaluating the energy use of domestic hot water.

Evidence

Criteria	Interim design stage	Final post construction stage
All	One or more of the appropriate evidence types listed in The BREEAM evidential requirements section can be used to demonstrate compliance with these criteria.

Additional information

Relevant definitions

Accessible meters: Energy meters located in an area of the building that allows for easy access to facilitate regular monitoring and readings by the building occupant/facilities manager. Typically this will be the plant room, main distribution room or control room (where a building energy management system (BEMS) is installed).

Common areas: Developments that have several tenant units, particularly large retail developments, may also share common facilities and access that is not owned or controlled by any one individual tenant, but used by all. Common areas are typically managed and maintained by the development’s owner, i.e. landlord or their managing agent. Examples of common areas include an atrium, stairwells, main entrance foyers/reception and external areas, e.g. parking.

Energy consuming systems

Systems that consume energy to perform the following functions within a building:

Space heating
Domestic hot water heating
Humidification*
Cooling*
Ventilation, i.e. fans (major)*
Pumps
Lighting
Small power
Renewable or low carbon systems (separately)
Controls
Other major energy consuming systems/plant, where appropriate. Depending on the building type, this might include for example: plant used for swimming or hydrotherapy pools; other sports and leisure facilities; kitchen plant/catering equipment; cold storage plan; laboratory plant; sterile services equipment; transportation systems (e.g. lifts and escalators); drama studios and theatres with large lighting rigs; telecommunications; dedicated computer room or suite; dealing rooms; covered car parks; ovens/furnaces; and floodlighting. See also CIBSE TM39: Building energy metering for further information.

Note: the systems succeeded by * must not be present where a BREEAM New Construction Simple Buildings assessment is being carried out.

Energy monitoring and management system: Examples include automatic meter reading systems (AMR) and building energy management systems (BEMS). Automatic monitoring and targeting (aM&T) is an example of a management tool that includes automatic meter reading and data management.
Energy supply: All types of energy supplied to a building area (function area/department/tenancy/unit) within the boundary of the assessed development; including electricity, gas, heat or other forms of energy/fuel that are consumed as a result of the use of, and operations within, each relevant area.
Energy meters: Energy meters measure the amount of energy used on a circuit where energy is flowing. Primary meters measure the main incoming energy and are used for billing by the utility supplier. They include the principal smart and advanced utility meters to a site for electricity and gas.; Sub-meters are the second tier including heat and steam meters and secondary meters installed to measure consumption by specific items of plant or equipment, or to discrete physical areas, e.g. individual buildings, floors in a multi-storey building, tenanted areas, function areas.
Major fans: Major fans typically include fans in air handling units (AHUs). Where multiple fans are within an air handling unit, they can be metered as one unit. Small fans such as individual extract fans for single rooms, such as kitchen, bathroom and toilet areas, are not required to be included where they only account for a small proportion of the total annual energy use.

Modular boiler systems: A modular boiler system consists of a series of boilers that are linked together to meet a variety of heating demands. They are generally composed of several identical boiler units, sometimes stacked, although a mix of condensing and conventional boilers could be used. They operate in increments of capacity, each at around their full capacity and their peak efficiency, so that the overall part load efficiency is greater than it would be for a single boiler.
Sub-meter outputs: Examples include pulsed outputs and other open protocol communication outputs, such as Modbus.

Other information

Building regulations requirements

The Building Regulations for energy use in all four countries of the UK require energy meters to be provided to allow the use of fuel and power consumption to be monitored.
The Building Regulations of Wales, Northern Ireland and England also require energy meters to be provided that enable at least 90% of the estimated annual energy consumption of each fuel to be assigned to the various end-use categories (heating, lighting etc.) with separate monitoring of any renewable systems.
Buildings with a total floor area greater than 1,000m² are also required to have automatic meter reading and data collection facilities. This has to be considered for larger buildings in Scotland.
The Scotland building regulations recommend that solid mineral fuel or biomass use is recorded, where applicable, and they require separate monitoring of low carbon equipment, including combined heat and power installations.
The metering provisions are required to be designed to facilitate the benchmarking of energy performance as set out in CIBSE TM46 Energy benchmarks3TM46 Energy benchmarks. CIBSE. 2008..

Note: this BREEAM scheme is intended for use within the four territories comprising the UK only and should not be used for assessments in British Crown Dependencies such as the Channel Islands and Gibraltar. Assessments in these territories should be assessed using BREEAM International.