| Number of credits available | Minimum standards |
|---|---|
Building type dependent | Yes (Criterion 1 only) |
To ensure daylighting, artificial lighting and occupant controls are considered at the design stage to ensure best practice in visual performance and comfort for building occupants.
This issue is split into five parts:
The following is required to demonstrate compliance:
| 1 | All fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps are fitted with high frequency ballasts. |
| 2 | The potential for glare has been designed out of all relevant building areas using a glare control strategy, either through building form and layout or building design measures (see compliance note CN3.1). |
| 3 | The glare control strategy avoids increasing lighting energy consumption by ensuring that: |
| 3.a | The glare control system is designed to maximise daylight levels under all conditions while avoiding disabling glare in the workplace or other sensitive areas. The system should not inhibit daylight from entering the space under cloudy conditions, or when sunlight is not on the façade |
AND
| 3.b | The use or location of shading does not conflict with the operation of lighting control systems. |
| 4 | Daylighting criteria have been met using either of the following options: |
| 4.a | The relevant building areas meet good practice daylight factors and other criteria as outlined in Table 10 and Table 11 |
OR
| 4.b | The relevant building areas meet good practice average and minimum point daylight illuminance criteria as outlined in Table 12. |
Table 10: Minimum values of average daylight factor required
| Building or area type | Average daylight factor required by latitude (degrees) | Minimum area ( m² ) to comply | Other requirements | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 40 | 40-45 | 45-50 | 50-55 | 55-60 | ≥ 60 | 1 Credit | 2 Credits | ||
| Education buildings (up to 2 credits available) | |||||||||
Preschools, schools - occupied spaces | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | - | 80% | EITHER (a) OR {(b) and (c)} in Table 11 |
Universities, colleges and higher education - occupied spaces | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 60% | 80% | |
| Residential institutions (1 credit available*) | |||||||||
| Kitchen | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 80% | - | EITHER (a) OR (c) in Table 11 |
Living rooms, dining rooms, studies (including workspaces in hotel bedrooms or suites) | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.6% | - | ||
Non-residential or communal occupied spaces | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | - | ||
| Residential dwellings (4 credits available**) | |||||||||
| Kitchen | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | - | 80% | (b) in Table 11 |
| Living rooms, dining rooms, studies (including home offices) | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.6% | - | 80% | |
| Retail buildings (2 credits available**) | |||||||||
Sales areas | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 35% | - | - |
Other occupied areas | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 80% | - | EITHER (a) OR {(b) and (c)} in Table 11 |
| Industrial, office, and all other building types (1 credit available*) | |||||||||
| Internal association or atrium area | 2.3% | 2.5% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 80% | - | EITHER (a) OR {(b) and (c)} in Table 11 |
Teaching, lecture and seminar spaces | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | - | ||
All occupied spaces, unless indicated in Relevant definitions | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | - | ||
Notes: * All spaces must comply to achieve 1 credit. ** Each space can be awarded credits independently. | |||||||||
Table 11: Daylighting uniformity criteria
| Ref | Criteria |
|---|---|
| (a) | A uniformity ratio of at least 0.3 or a minimum point daylight factor of at least 0.3 times the relevant average daylight factor value in Table 10. Spaces with glazed roofs, such as atria, must achieve a uniformity ratio of at least 0.7 or a minimum point daylight factor of at least 0.7 times the relevant average daylight factor value in Table 10. |
| (b) | At least 80% of the room has a view of sky from desk or table top height (0.85m in residential buildings and residential institutions, 0.7m in other buildings). |
| (c) | The room depth criterion d/w +d/HW < 2/(1-RB) is satisfied. Where: d = room depth. w = room width. HW = window head height from floor level. RB = average reflectance of surfaces in the rear half of the room. Note: Table 16 gives maximum room depths in metres for different room widths and window head heights of side-lit rooms. |
Table 12: Space type and illuminance requirements - both criteria (average illuminance and minimum point illuminance) should be met
| Area type | Minimum area to comply | Average daylight illuminance (averaged over entire space) | Minimum daylight illuminance at worst lit point | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 credit | 2 credits | |||
| Education buildings (up to 2 credits available) | ||||
Preschools, schools - occupied spaces | - | 80% | At least 300 lux for 2000 hours per year or more | At least 90 lux for 2000 hours per year or more |
| Universities, colleges and higher education - occupied spaces | 60% | |||
| Residential institutions (1 credit available*) | ||||
Kitchens | 100% | - | At least 100 lux for 3450 hours per year or more | At least 30 lux for 3450 hours per year or more |
Living rooms, dining rooms, studies (including home offices) | - | At least 100 lux for 3450 hours per year or more | At least 30 lux for 3450 hours per year or more | |
Non-residential or communal occupied spaces | 80% | - | At least 200 lux for 2650 hours per year or more | At least 60 lux for 2650 hours per year or more |
| Residential dwellings (4 credits available**) | ||||
| Kitchens | - | 100% | At least 100 lux for 3450 hours per year or more | At least 30 lux for 3450 hours per year or more |
| Living rooms, dining rooms, studies (including home offices) | - | 100% | At least 100 lux for 3450 hours per year or more | At least 30 lux for 3450 hours per year or more |
| Retail buildings (2 credits available**) | ||||
Sales areas | 35% | - | At least 200 lux point daylight illuminances for 2650 hours per year or more | |
Other occupied areas | 80% | - | At least 200 lux for 2650 hours per year or more | At least 60 lux for 2650 hours per year or more |
| Industrial and Office and all Other building types (1 credit available*) | ||||
| Internal association or atrium area | 80% | - | At least 300 lux for 2650 hours per year or more | At least 210 lux for 2650 hours per year or more |
| Teaching, lecture and seminar spaces | - | At least 300 lux for 2000 hours per year or more | At least 90 lux for 2000 hours per year or more | |
| All occupied spaces, unless indicated in Relevant definitions | - | At least 300 lux for 2000 hours per year or more | At least 90 lux for 2000 hours per year or more | |
Notes: * All spaces must comply to achieve 1 credit. ** Each space can be awarded credits independently. | ||||
| 5 | Where 95% of the floor area space within relevant building areas are within X metres of a window or permanent opening that provides an adequate view out, as outlined in Table 13 |
| 6 | In addition, the building type criteria in Table 14 are applicable to view out criteria. |
Table 13: Window or opening size required as a percentage of surrounding wall area depending on the distance of the desk or work space to the window or opening
| Distance (in m) from window to workspace or desk (X) | Window or opening size (as % of surrounding wall area) |
|---|---|
| 7m or less | 20% |
| 8m–11m | 25% |
| 11m–14m | 30% |
| 14m or more | 35% |
Table 14: View out building specific requirements
| Building type | View out requirements |
|---|---|
| Residential buildings and residential institutions | Self-contained flats - living rooms Sheltered housing - communal lounges, individual bedrooms and bedsits All positions within relevant areas are to be within 5m of a wall which has a window or permanent opening providing an adequate view out. The window or opening must be ≥ 20% of the surrounding wall area. |
| 7 | Internal lighting in all relevant areas of the building is designed to provide an illuminance (lux) level appropriate to the tasks undertaken, accounting for building user concentration and comfort levels. This can be demonstrated through a lighting design strategy that provides illuminance levels in accordance with national best practice lighting guides (see CN3.10). |
| 8 | The uniformity of illuminance due to electric lighting is as per the recommendation in the approved local standard. |
| 9.a | Limits to the luminance of the luminaires to avoid screen reflections. Manufacturers' data for the luminaires should be sought to confirm this |
| 9.b | For uplighting, the recommendations refer to the luminance of the lit ceiling rather than the luminaire; a design team calculation is usually required to demonstrate this |
| 9.c | Recommendations for direct lighting, ceiling illuminance, and average wall illuminance. |
| 11 | Internal lighting is zoned to allow for occupant control (see Relevant definitions) in accordance with the criteria below for relevant areas present within the building: |
| 11.a | In office areas, zones of no more than four workplaces |
| 11.b | Workstations adjacent to windows or atria and other building areas separately zoned and controlled |
| 11.c | Seminar and lecture rooms: zoned for presentation and audience areas |
| 11.d | Library spaces: separate zoning of stacks, reading and counter areas |
| 11.e | Teaching space or demonstration area |
| 11.f | Whiteboard or display screen |
| 11.g | Auditoria: zoning of seating areas, circulation space and lectern area |
| 11.h | Dining, restaurant, café areas: separate zoning of servery and seating or dining areas |
| 11.i | Retail: separate zoning of display and counter areas |
| 11.j | Bar areas: separate zoning of bar and seating areas |
| 11.k | Day rooms, waiting areas: zoning of seating and activity areas and circulation space with controls accessible to staff |
| 11.l | Hotel bedrooms: separate zoning of hallway, bathroom, desk and sleeping area (where present in the room). |
| 12.a | Full normal lighting (to allow for entry and exit, cleaning etc.) |
| 12.b | Demonstration area lighting off and audience area lighting reduced to a low level (for the purpose of line slide projection, but allowing enough light for the audience to take notes) |
| 12.c | All lighting off (for the projection of tone slides, colour slides, and for the purposes of visual demonstrations or performances) |
| 12.d | Separate localised lectern lighting. |
| 13 | In addition the building type criteria in Table 15 (where relevant). |
Table 15: Internal and external lighting building specific requirements
| Building type | Internal and external lighting requirements |
|---|---|
| Education buildings | Manual lighting controls are easily accessible for the teacher while teaching and on entering or leaving the teaching space. |
The table below gives maximum room depths in metres for different room widths and window head heights of side-lit rooms.
Table 16: Reflectance for maximum room depths (m) and window head heights
Reflectance (RB) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Room width (m) | 3 | 10 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 10 |
| Window head height (m) | ||||||
| 2.5 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 10.0 |
| 3.0 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 6.0 | 9.2 | 7.5 | 11.5 |
| 3.5 | 5.4 | 8.6 | 6.5 | 10.4 | 8.1 | 13.0 |
| Ref | Terms | Description |
|---|---|---|
Shell and core (non-residential and residential institutions only) | ||
CN1 | Applicable assessment criteria | Prerequisite: criterion 1 Both options: This criterion is not applicable. Glare control: criteria 2 and 3 Both options: These criteria are not applicable. Daylighting: criterion 4 Both options: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply. Both options: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply. Internal lighting, zoning and occupant control: criteria 7 to 9 , 11 to 13 Both options: These criteria are not applicable. External lighting: criterion 10 Both options: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply. Refer to Appendix D – Shell and core project assessments for a more detailed description of the shell and core assessment options. |
CN1.1 | View out | Both options Where it is not possible to confirm which areas of the building will contain workstations or benches or desks, then all areas of the building designed for or likely to be occupied by workstations or benches or desks must comply with the relevant criteria. |
Residential - Partially fitted and fully fitted | ||
CN2 | Applicable assessment criteria - Single and multiple dwellings | Prerequisite: criterion 1 Both options: This criterion is not applicable. Glare control: criteria 2 and 3 Both options: These criteria are not applicable.Daylighting: criterion 4 Both options: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply. Internal lighting, zoning and occupant control: criteria 7 to 9 , 11 to 13 Partially fitted: These criteria are not applicable. Fully fitted: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply.External lighting: criterion 10 Partially fitted: These criteria are not applicable. Fully fitted: All criteria relevant to the building type and function apply.Refer to Appendix E – Applicability of BREEAM New Construction to single and multiple dwellings, partially and fully fitted for a more detailed description of residential assessment options. |
| General | ||
CN3 | Building location (choosing the most appropriate daylight factors) | The average daylight factor and uniformity criteria Table 10 and Table 11. For hot or sunny locations with predominantly clear skies, especially those at latitudes much less than 40 degrees, it is better to use the daylight illuminance criteria in Table 12 instead. The daylight illuminance calculation should include the additional light available from clear and partly cloudy skies and reflected sunlight. In these locations, using the criteria in Table 10 and Table 11 may result in excessive solar heat gain. |
| Glare control | ||
| Compliant forms of glare control - curtains as glare control | Compliant shading measures for meeting glare control criteria include:
Glare control must provide shading from both high level summer and low level winter sun where relevant to the country of assessment (for example, latitudes of 40 degrees or more). Where using fixed systems, design studies can be used to demonstrate that sunlight is prevented from reaching building occupants during occupied hours. Curtains (where used without other forms of shading) do not meet the criteria for the glare control criteria, as they do not provide sufficient control to optimise daylight into the space. Furthermore, the use of curtains to control glare is likely to cause occupants to rely more on artificial lighting. | |
Daylighting | ||
CN3.2 | Percentage of assessed area. See criterion 4 . | Where the criteria specify that a percentage of floor area must be adequately illuminated by daylight, this refers to the percentage of the total floor area of all the rooms that must be assessed, i.e. the compliant area. If for example, a development has six rooms that must be assessed, each 150m² (total area 900m²) and 80% of this floor area must meet the criterion, then 720m² must comply with the criterion; this is equal to 4.8 rooms. The number of rooms that must comply must always be rounded up; therefore in this example, five rooms must have an average daylight factor of 2% or more (plus meet the other criteria) to achieve the credit. |
CN3.3 | External obstructions | In calculating minimum and average daylight factors and daylight illuminances, external obstructions should be taken into account. For illuminance calculations, the reflectance of external obstructions should be taken as 0.2 unless on site measurements of external reflectance have been made. |
CN3.4 | Dirt factors when calculating daylight | Daylight calculations should include a maintenance factor for dirt on the windows. An example is given in British Standard Code of Practice for daylighting, BSBritish Standard 8206 Part 2, appendix A1.3. |
CN3.5 | Borrowed light | For areas where borrowed light is used to demonstrate compliance with daylighting criteria, calculations or results from appropriate lighting design software must be provided to demonstrate that such areas meet the BREEAM criteria (if the light from these sources is required in order for the room to comply). Examples of borrowed light include: light shelves, clerestory glazing, sun pipes or internal translucent or transparent partitions (such as those using frosted glass). |
CN3.6 | Room depth criterion - rooms lit from two opposite sides | For rooms lit by windows on two opposite sides, the maximum room depth that can be satisfactorily illuminated by daylight is twice the limiting room depth (d) (measured from window wall to window wall; CIBSE Lighting Guide LG101CIBSE Lighting Guide LG10 Daylighting and window design, 1999.. The reflectance of the imaginary internal wall should be taken as 1. |
CN3.7 | Uniformity with rooflights | The room depth criteria cannot be used where the lighting strategy relies on rooflights. In such areas either appropriate software has to be used to calculate the uniformity ratio or, in the case of a regular array of rooflights across the whole of the space, figure 2.36 (page 37) within CIBSE Lighting Guide LG10 can be used to determine the uniformity ratio. |
CN3.8 | Daylighting - uniformity ratio calculation | The uniformity ratio calculation, minimum point daylight factor and minimum daylight illuminance can exclude areas within 0.5m of walls. Areas within 0.5m are not regarded as part of the working plane for this purpose, although they are included in the average daylight factor and average daylight illuminance calculations. |
CN3.9 | View of sky requirement. See criterion 4 . | To comply with the view of sky criteria (ref (b)) in Table 11, at least 80% of the room that complies with the average daylight factor requirement must receive direct light from the sky, i.e. it is permissible for up to 20% of the room not to meet the view of sky requirement and still achieve a compliant room. |
| Internal and external lighting levels or zoning and control | ||
| National best practice lighting guides | Please refer to the country-specific reference sheet to locate the appropriate best practice lighting guidance in the country of assessment. Alternatively the minimum requirements as set out in the Approved standards and weightings list are covered by the proposed documents. Where appropriate lighting guides do not exist for a country, the design team should demonstrate compliance with the European standards EN 12464-1 Light and lighting - Lighting of workspaces, 2011 and EN 12464-2 Lighting of work places - Part 2: Outdoor work places, 2007. | |
CN3.11 | Occupancy and workstation layout unknown | Where occupancy or workstation layout is not known, lighting control can be zoned on the basis of 40m² grids, i.e. an assumption of 1 person or workspace per 10m². |
CN3.12 | Small spaces | Buildings consisting entirely of small rooms or spaces (less than 40m²) which do not require any subdivision of lighting zones or control will meet the zoning criteria by default. |
CN3.13 | Zones of four workspaces | The limit of four workspaces is indicative of the required standard, but is not a fixed requirement. Where there is justification for this to be increased to fit with the adopted lighting strategy, this may be accepted provided that the assessor is satisfied that the aim of this criterion is upheld, i.e. that there is suitable zoning or control of lighting to enable a reasonable degree of occupant control over lighting in their personable work area. The relevant design team member, e.g. a lighting consultant, should set out how this is to be achieved in such an instance. |
CN3.14 | Lighting zoning and control - auditoria spaces | The controls specified will depend on the size and use of the space but a typical auditorium or lecture theatre with stepped seating and a formal lectern or demonstration or performance area would typically be expected to have lighting controls as follows:
|
CN3.15 | No external lighting | Where no external light fittings are specified (either separate from or mounted on the external building façade or roof), the criteria relating to external lighting do not apply and the credit can be awarded on the basis of compliance with the internal lighting criteria. The following internal areas are excluded from the lighting zone requirements:
|
CN3.16 | Zoning rooms not listed | For zoning rooms or spaces not listed within criteria 11 and 12 , the assessor can exercise an element of judgment when determining whether what is specified is appropriate for the space, given its end use and the aim and criteria of this BREEAM issue. |
CN3.17 | Lighting levels for areas where computer screens are regularly used | Projects can specify 300 lux instead of what is prescribed in EN 12464:2011. This is as per CIBSE Lighting Guide 7. |
| Building type specific | ||
CN4 | Education (preschools) and acute special educational needs controls for children | Where child care or acute special educational needs spaces are included within the scope of the assessment, controls should be provided for the teacher or member of staff, i.e. it is not a necessity for the controls to be accessible to the children. Where nursery spaces are included within the scope of the assessment, controls should be provided for the member of staff, not the nursery school children. |
CN4.1 | Hotels - lighting levels in hotel bedrooms | Internal lighting levels in hotel bedrooms will not usually need to conform to national best practice levels for offices as these spaces are not generally used as a workspace. However, if hotel bedrooms, or rooms within a hotel suite, are intended to be used as workspaces, similar to a small office, the lighting levels should conform to national best practice levels for this type of space. |
None.
| Criteria | Interim design stage | Final Post-construction stage |
|---|---|---|
| Daylighting | ||
| All | Design drawings and daylight calculations OR Relevant section or clauses of the building specification or contract confirming national best practice daylighting guidelines or BREEAM requirements. | BREEAM Assessor’s site inspection report and photographic evidence OR As-built drawings and calculations OR Confirmation from the design team that daylighting is in accordance with national best practice daylighting guidelines or BREEAM requirements. |
| View out and glare requirements | ||
| All | Design drawings. Relevant section or clauses of the building specification or contract.Window schedule. | BREEAM Assessor’s site inspection report and photographic evidence. As-built drawings. Formal confirmation of compliance from the contractor or design team. |
| Internal and external lighting | ||
| All | Design drawings or room data sheets or schedules. Relevant section or clauses of the building specification or contract OR A letter of formal confirmation of compliance from the relevant design team member. | BREEAM Assessor’s site inspection report and photographic evidence. As-built drawings. Formal confirmation of compliance from the contractor or design team. |
None.
BREEAM International New Construction 2016
Reference: SD233 – Issue: 2.0
Date: 03/07/2017
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